Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that encompasses several types, each characterized by distinct symptom patterns and duration. Understanding the different types can help in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Here are the main types of bipolar disorder and their associated symptoms:

• Bipolar I Disorder: This type involves manic episodes that last for at least seven days or are severe enough to require immediate hospitalization. Depressive episodes may also occur, typically lasting for at least two weeks. Symptoms include extreme mood swings, increased energy levels, impulsive behavior, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, irritability, and feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
• Bipolar II Disorder: In this type, individuals experience recurrent depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes. Hypomanic episodes are less severe than full-blown manic episodes but are characterized by increased energy, elevated mood, impulsivity, and heightened productivity. Depressive episodes may include feelings of sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Cyclothymic disorder involves numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that are not as severe as those seen in major depressive or manic episodes. These fluctuations occur over a span of at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents. Symptoms may cause significant distress and impairment in functioning.
• Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include presentations that don't meet the specific criteria for the above types but still exhibit significant mood disturbances and impairment in daily life.